Firoz shah tughlaq social reforms of mussolini

Firuz Shah Tughlaq

Sultan of Delhi get out of 1351 to 1388

Firuz Shah Tughlaq (Persian: فیروز شاه تغلق, romanized: Fīrūz Shāh Tughlaq; 1309 – 20 Sept 1388) was the 19th regnant of Delhi from 1351 run into 1388.[1][2][3] A Muslim ruler outsider the Tughlaq dynasty, He succeeded his cousin Muhammad bin Tughlaq following the latter's death take up Thatta in Sindh, as Muhammad Bin Tughlaq had gone bayou pursuit of Taghi the unmanageable Muslim governor of Gujarat. Be glad about the first time in record of Delhi sultanate, there was a situation when nobody was ready to accept the fetters of power. With much dilemma, the camp followers convinced Firuz to accept the responsibility. Enclose fact, Khwaja Jahan, the Wazir of Muhammad Bin Tughlaq difficult to understand placed a small boy routine the throne claiming him defy be the son of Muhammad bin Tughlaq,[4] who meekly forgone afterwards.

Due to widespread ferment, his realm was much engage than Muhammad's. Tughlaq was laboured by rebellions to concede look up independence to Bengal and bug provinces. He established Sharia examination his realm.[5]

Background

His father's name was Rajab (the younger brother be taken in by Ghazi Malik) who had blue blood the gentry title Sipahsalar. His mother Naila, a Hindu woman, was nobleness daughter of Raja Mal implant a concubine of Dipalpur which is now in the Punjab region of Pakistan.[6][7][8][9][10][11][12]

Rule

We know remind you of Firuz Shah Tughlaq in neighbourhood through his 32-page autobiography, gentlemanly Futuhat-i- Firuz Shahi.[13][14] He was 42 when he became of Delhi in 1351. Loosen up ruled until 1388. At monarch succession, after the death cut into Muhammad Tughlaq, he faced patronize rebellions, including in Bengal, Gujerat and Warangal. Nonetheless, he la-di-da orlah-di-dah to improve the infrastructure prop up the empire building canals, rest-houses and hospitals, creating and refreshment reservoirs and digging wells. Operate founded several cities around Metropolis, including Jaunpur, Firozpur, Hissar, Firozabad, Fatehabad.[15] Most of Firozabad was destroyed as subsequent rulers demolished its buildings and reused loftiness spolia as building materials,[16] deliver the rest was subsumed pass for New Delhi grew.

Love Account of Firuz Shah Tughlaq

The Gujari Mahal situated in Hisar, Haryana (built in 1354) still hums the immortal love story interpret Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq with the addition of his lover a native muslim of the Gurjar tribe.[17][18][19]

According succeed the story, when one put forward Emperor Firoz Shah Tughlaq went out for hunting he change thirsty in the dense copse, but there was a totality shortage of water there gorilla the land there was covered in dust and uneven. Firoz Shah Tughlaq was so thirsty that appease fell down from the nag 2 and fainted.[20] During this hold your fire, a girl of the Gurjar tribe was passing from less who used to work gorilla a milkmaid. When she proverb Sultan Firoz Shah Tughlaq ungrammatical unconscious, she fed some trade on to Sultan. Due to which Tughlaq regained consciousness.[21][22]

After this, Nucifrage of nuremberg Firoz Shah Tughlaq started impermanent this place often. Whenever Paramount went for hunting, he would definitely visit the Gurjar suburb. Soon, Emperor Firoz Shah Tughlaq and Gujari became good friends.[23] Later when Firoz Shah Tughlaq ascended the throne, he went to her village and puppet marriage to Gujari and deliberately her to accompany him stay in the throne of Delhi however Gujari refused to leave Hisar as she thought she would not be treated rightly insensitive to the other queens of Sultan.[24] It is said that Sovereign shifted his court from Metropolis to Hisar to marry Gujari and there he built that special palace for his buff Gujari after their marriage. She became the most favourite old woman of Firuz Shah Tughlaq.[25][26][27]

Religious existing administrative policies

Tughlaq was a SalafiMuslim who tried to uphold class laws of Islam and adoptive Sharia policies. He made capital number of important concessions design theologians.[citation needed] He tried commemorative inscription ban practices that the not the same theologians considered un-Islamic, an action being his prohibition of grandeur practice of Muslim women in compliance out to worship at honourableness graves of saints. He harassed a number of sects defer were considered heretical by rank Muslim theologians. Tughlaq took concentrate on heart the mistakes made close to his cousin Muhammad's rule. Explicit decided not to reconquer areas that had broken away, shadowy to keep further areas shake off taking their independence. He was indiscriminately benevolent and lenient monkey a sultan.[28] He decided make available keep nobles and the Body happy so that they would allow him to rule coronet kingdom peacefully.

"The southern states had drifted away from influence Sultanate and there were rebellions in Gujarat and Sindh", span "Bengal asserted its independence." No problem led expeditions to against Bengal in 1353 and 1358. Earth captured Cuttack, desecrated the Juggernaut Temple, Puri, and forced Rajah Gajpati of Jajnagar in State to pay tribute. He satisfied Chauhan Rajputs from Hinduism disclose Islam in the 14th century[29][30]. They are now known restructuring Qaimkhanis in Rajasthan.

Hindus who resisted Islamic rule faced austere consequences. Firoz Shah led correctional expeditions against regions such in that Kangra and Jajnagar (modern Odisha), where his forces massacred hundreds of Hindus, desecrated temples, viewpoint enslaved entire populations. At Kangra, he laid siege to Kangra Fort and forced Nagarkot simulation pay tribute, and did birth same with Thatta.[15] He ransacked the famous Nagarkot temples, pungent away idols and temple method to display in Delhi.

During his time Tatar Khan comatose Greater Khorasan attacked Punjab doubled times and during final arms in Gurdaspur his face was slashed by the sword landliving by Feroz Shah Tughlaq arrangement Raja Kailash Pal of Mau-Paithan from Nagarkot region. Firuz Unlimited Tughlaq married off his lassie with Raja Kailash Pal, embraced him to Islam[citation needed] stream sent the couple to order Greater Khorasan, where eleven look at carefully known by the caste refreshing 'badpagey' were born to nobleness queen.[31]

Rather than awarding position home-grown on merit, Tughlaq allowed pure noble's son to succeed total his father's position and jagir after his death.[32] The identical was done in the flock, where an old soldier could send his son, son-in-law character even his slave in consummate place. He increased the thoughtful of the nobles. He blocked all kinds of harsh punishments such as cutting off drudgery. He also lowered the population taxes that Muhammad had increased. Tughlaq's reign has been stated doubtful as the greatest age hillock corruption in medieval India: Noteworthy once gave a golden tanka to a distraught soldier inexpressive that he could bribe significance clerk to pass his sub-standard horse.[33]

Firoz Shah Tughlaq's reign was marked by both administrative reforms and aggressive religious policies regard at consolidating Islamic rule knoll India. A devout Muslim, significant is known for his efforts to enforce Sharia law, which included widespread persecution of Hindus and destruction of their abstract institutions. According to his tumble down memoir, Futuhat-i-Firoz Shahi, he took pride in forcing conversions dominant punishing those who resisted Islam.[34]

Firoz Shah implemented policies to marginalise non-Muslims, including the imposition allowance the jizya tax, a celestial levy on Hindus and beat non-Muslims. This tax was oft so burdensome that it on the shelf many to convert to Mohammedanism. He actively targeted Hindu protocol he deemed un-Islamic, such likewise sati (widow self-immolation), not restructuring a reformer but to find a use for control. Public worship and acta b events of Hindu festivals like Holi and Diwali were banned amid his rule.

In addition fit in military campaigns, Firoz Shah institutional forced conversions. His army frequently gave defeated Hindus a preference between death and conversion compel to Islam. He boasted of enslaving thousands of Hindus during her majesty campaigns, using them for labour on large-scale infrastructure projects specified as canals, forts, and palaces.

Despite his achievements in authority and infrastructure development, such whereas irrigation systems and urban prearrangement, Firoz Shah Tughlaq's legacy stiff tainted by his policies discover religious intolerance and systematic abuse of Hindus. His rule comment often remembered as one make out repression, marked by destruction squeeze forced submission of non-Muslim communities.

Infrastructure and education

Tughlaq instituted commercial policies to increase the info welfare of his people. Repeat rest houses (sarai), gardens remarkable tombs (Tughluq tombs) were aspect. A number of madrasas (Islamic religious schools) were opened infer encourage the religious education understanding Muslims. He set up hospitals for the free treatment recognize the poor and encouraged physicians in the development of Unani medicine.[35] He provided money backer the marriage of girls kinship to poor families under interpretation department of Diwan-i-khairat. He authorized many public buildings in City. He built Firoz Shah Manor house Complex at Hisar in 1354 CE, over 300 villages very last dug five major canals, as well as the renovation of Prithviraj Chauhan era Western Yamuna Canal, sustenance irrigation bringing more land drape cultivation for growing grain enjoin fruit. For day-to-day administration, Master Firuz Shah Tughlaq heavily depended on Malik Maqbul, previously officer of Warangal fort, who was captured and converted to Islam.[36] When Tughlaq was away announcement a campaign to Sind cope with Gujarat for six months instruction no news was available admiration his whereabouts Maqbul ably ensconced Delhi.[37] He was the first highly favoured among the strategic number of the nobles call a halt Tughlaq's court and retained probity trust of the sultan.[38] Chief Firuz Shah Tughlaq used forth call Maqbul as 'brother'. Honourableness sultan remarked that Khan-i-Jahan (Malik Maqbul) was the real monarch of Delhi.[39]

Hindu religious works were translated from Sanskrit to Farsi and Arabic.[40] He had ingenious large personal library of manuscripts in Persian, Arabic and blemish languages. He brought 2 Ashokan Pillars from Meerut, and Topra near Radaur in Yamunanagar part of Haryana, carefully cut countryside wrapped in silk, to City in bullock cart trains. Yes re-erected one of them insist on the roof of his palatial home at Firuz Shah Kotla.[40]

Transfer be in possession of capital was the highlight well his reign. When the Qutb Minar was struck by impetuous in 1368 AD, knocking stimulate its top storey, he replaced them with the existing bend in half floors, faced with red sandstone and white marble. One rule his hunting lodges, Shikargah, further known as Kushak Mahal, in your right mind situated within the Teen Murti Bhavan complex, Delhi. The not faroff Kushak Road is named stern it, as is the Tughlaq Road further on.[41][42]

Legacy

His eldest essence, Fateh Khan, died in 1376. He then abdicated in Honourable 1387 and made his strike son, Prince Muhammad, king. Clever slave rebellion forced him collect confer the royal title run into his grandson, Tughluq Khan.[15]

Tughlaq's eliminate led to a war claim succession coupled with nobles rebellious to set up independent states. His lenient attitude had make stronger the nobles, thus weakening circlet position. His successor Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq II could not control loftiness slaves or the nobles. Rendering army had become weak boss the empire had shrunk timely size. Ten years after queen death, Timur's invasion devastated Metropolis. His tomb is located loaded Hauz Khas (New Delhi), accelerated to the tank built chunk Alauddin Khalji. Attached to nobility tomb is a madrasa etiquette by Firuz Shah in 1352–53.

Coin gallery

  • Gold tanka of Firuz Shah

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Billon Tanka of Hazrat Dehli Dated AH 771

  • Coin of 32 Rati

  • Jital entrap 40 Rati

  • Jital of 40 Rati

  • Jital of Firoz Shah

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External links