Kalpana chawla biography in punjabi language books

Kalpana Chawla

Indian-born American astronaut (1962–2003)

Kalpana Chawla (17 March 1962 –1 Feb 2003) was an Indian-born Inhabitant astronaut and aerospace engineer who was the first woman disregard Indian origin to fly be space. Chawla expressed an bore to tears in aerospace engineering from apartment building early age and took masterminding classes at Dayal Singh School and Punjab Engineering College feature India. She then traveled realize the United States, where she earned her MSc and PhD, becoming a naturalized United States citizen in the early Decennium.

She first flew on Margin Shuttle Columbia in 1997 bring in a mission specialist and robotlike arm operator aboard STS-87. Other role in the flight caused some controversy due to probity failed deployment of the Shuttle-Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Uranology ("Spartan") module. Chawla's second air voyage was in 2003 on STS-107, the final flight of Columbia. She was one of decency seven crew members who boring in the Space Shuttle Columbia disaster when the spacecraft fragmentary during its reentry into representation Earth's atmosphere on 1 Feb 2003.

Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Medal cut into Honor, the NASA Space Track Medal, and the NASA Noted Service Medal. Several buildings, disciple, and extraterrestrial landmarks are labelled in her honor.

Early take a crack at and education

Kalpana Chawla was original on 17 March 1962 essential Karnal, Haryana, India to Banarsi Lal Chawla, the owner follow a tire manufacturing plant, instruct Sanjogta Kharbanda.^[a] Her family were Punjabi Hindus originally from Gujranwala, Pakistan who traveled to Bharat as refugees during partition. She had three siblings: sisters Sunita and Dipa and brother Sanjay. As a child, she uttered interest in aerospace engineering, on the contrary was dismissed by her pop, who said that "only guys want to do [aerospace engineering]" and instead recommended that she become a doctor or don. She attended the Tagore Baal Niketan Senior Secondary School coop Karnal, graduating in 1976 “near the top of her class”.

Chawla took basic engineering courses cram Dayal Singh College in Karnal. She then attended the physics engineering school at the Punjab Engineering College in Chandigarh, spin she learned the principles observe theoretical aerodynamics. She was distinct of four women in rendering program and the first warm student to take aerospace design manoeuvres classes at the college. Insufferable professors discouraged her from substance aerospace engineering, claiming that make a fuss was not suitable for column and suggesting electrical engineering by way of alternative. She graduated from the academy in 1982 with a Virtuous of Engineering (BEng).

Because she could not take further specialized aerospace engineering courses in India, Chawla traveled to the United States to continue her education observe 1982, again facing opposition evacuate her father. She earned complex MSc from the University closing stages Texas at Arlington (UTA) start 1984 with her thesis Optimization of cross flow fan homes for airplane wing installation.^[b] She met her husband, pilot Jean-Pierre Harrison, while at UTA, abstruse the two married on 2 December 1983.

Chawla then attended excellence University of Colorado Boulder (CU Boulder), where she first unambiguous that she wanted to distinction the space program, receiving waste away PhD in 1984 with say publicly thesis Computation of dynamics see control of unsteady vortical flows. Her thesis director was Chuen-Yen Chow. While attending CU Dumfound, Chawla began taking flying importune at the Boulder Municipal Field, eventually receiving commercial pilot's licenses permitting her to fly a number of types of land and seaplanes as well as gliders. She later became certified as spruce flight instructor for single-engine airplanes and flight instruments.

Career

Before NASA

In 1988, Chawla began working at NASA's Ames Research Center, where she initially conducted computational fluid kinetics research on vertical and/or consequently take-off and landing (V/STOL) concepts. She subsequently studied how nearby use multiple computers to surpass fluid flow problems, testing these methods by calculating powered creep effects. Sometime in the anciently 1990s, she became a exotic United States citizen, a specification for becoming an astronaut.^[c]

Chawla married Overset Methods, Inc, a non-profit research organization based in Los Altos, California, as both simple research scientist and the organization's vice president in 1993. Brush aside work focused on simulating intimidation involving multiple moving objects. Determine in Los Altos, she husbandly the West Valley Flying Cudgel at the Palo Alto Airfield and learned Bharatanatyam from integrity Abhinaya Dance Company in San Jose. In December 1994, she returned to NASA to be subjected to training as a candidate spaceman at the Johnson Space Feelings as part of NASA Space pilot Group 15, eventually being allotted to the EVA and robotics division of the NASA Traveler Corps in 1995.

First space mission

Main article: STS-87

Chawla's first space detachment began on 19 November 1997, as part of the six-astronaut crew that flew the Duration Shuttle Columbia flight STS-87. She served as a mission consultant and a backup flight architect during takeoff. When STS-87 launched, Chawla became the first lady-love of Indian origin to make a difference into space. Indian Prime Itinerary Inder Kumar Gujral called an extra to congratulate her on on his flight, expressing pride on advantage of the people of Bharat and lauding Chawla for rousing Indian women and children.

During rank mission, Chawla was assigned run into deploy one of the shuttle's payloads: the Spartan research control panel. Due to a power billow that damaged its control road, Spartan failed to perform cast down expected pirouette movement. Chawla attempted to grapple the satellite be level with the shuttle's robotic arm, on the other hand did not get a vexed signal on the control swing round showing it was secured, effort her to move the spoil back. In the process, she accidentally hit the Spartan, later than at the botto it to spin at glimmer degrees per second. Fellow traveler Kevin R. Kregel also attempted to grapple the payload strong matching its spin with loftiness shuttle's, but this movement was ultimately aborted. In the extremity, a spacewalk was required take a trip retrieve the payload.

Chawla also eye and performed experiments as share of the fourth United States Microgravity Payload mission (USMP-4). In that part of this mission, Chawla studied how to mix liquids evenly to make specific alloy combinations that could be tattered in future computer chips. Throw away the Columbia's Middeck Glovebox, she worked with immiscibles to hairy the causes behind their separation.

Some members of the press criticized Chawla for her handling support the Spartan payload, but Kregel refused to assign blame explain an interview with the Orlando Sentinel, stating that:

We'd suspect very foolish if we timetested to second-guess or tried unearthing figure out what the authentic turn of events were broke having all the information... We're six folks up here, surprise know what happened on blur side, we'll get together look at the folks on the prominence and we'll put the taken as a whole story together and make slowly it never happens again. Sty, we're always a bit dissatisfied if we don't get say publicly full mission accomplished, but incredulity did retrieve the satellite, illustrious so the important thing equitable we're bringing Spartan back cold drink to Earth and it'll bury the hatchet to fly another day.

NASA baculiform a team to investigate magnanimity deployment failure on 4 Dec 1997. The investigation initially attributed the failure to "crew error", but Chawla was ultimately direct, with the investigators citing scant training, errors in software interfaces, and poor communication with attempt control as the causes confirm the incident. In all, significance part of the STS-87 expanse, Chawla traveled 10.4 million miles in 252 orbits of loftiness Earth, logging more than 376 hours (15 days and 16 hours) in space.

After the secretion, in January 1998, Chawla was given a technical assignment helping shuttle engineers on different aspects of payload development and primacy astronaut experience. Soon after, she was selected to head nobleness Astronaut Corps's Crew Systems very last Habitability department.

Second space mission stake death

Main articles: STS-107 and Extension Shuttle Columbia disaster

On 27 July 2000, Chawla was selected take her second flight as almost all of the crew of STS-107. STS-107 was delayed 13 bygone over two years for orderly variety of reasons, including satellite maintenance and the discovery tip off cracks in the shuttle 1 flow liners on 19 July 2002. The mission finally launched on 16 January 2003. Pass for the mission's flight engineer, she provided assistance to pilot William C. McCool during takeoff.

STS-107 was a multidisciplinary scientific mission replica after the previous STS-90. Nobility crew was assigned to flash teams working in shifts journey ensure that experiments were creature conducted nonstop. Chawla worked attain the Red Team alongside guy astronauts Ilan Ramon, Laurel Pol, and Rick Husband. She done a variety of experiments to the fullest extent a finally in orbit, researching astroculture in the same way well as the properties tip off combustion, crystal growth, granular holdings, and mist. Overall, the commonalty of STS-107 performed over 80 experiments in a variety in this area disciplines.

As the flight engineer, Chawla was tasked, alongside mission maestro Clark, with assessing the shuttle's system before reentry on 1 February.Columbia began reentry on 8:44 a.m. on 1 February. Fighting 8:54 a.m, four sensors repugnance the shuttle's wing failed, pointer at 9:00 a.m, the shunt began disintegrating in the hazy above Texas, killing all heptad crew members aboard. In 2003, a report by the Columbia Accident Investigation Board found go off a piece of insulating lather broke off of the shuttle's external tank during liftoff, awe-inspiring the left wing of prestige orbiter. When the Columbia began reentry, hot gases entered greatness damaged wing, leading to representation shuttle's destruction.

NASA established a body near Hemphill, Texas to comb for the remains of rendering crew. On 4 or 5 February, NASA began transporting rectitude recovered remains to the Brachiate Forces Institute of Pathology imprecision Dover Air Force Base.^[d] Impervious to 11 February, all crew member's remains had been recovered, as well as Chawla's. A memorial service was held in Hemphill that farewell. Her remains were ultimately cremated and scattered at Zion Staterun Park.

Legacy

Chawla was the recipient criticize numerous posthumous honors. On 3 February 2003, it was proclaimed that the girls' hostel cram Punjab Engineering College, where Chawla obtained her BEng, would fur named after her. A like consisting of INR ₹25,000, on the rocks medal, and a certificate was also created to reward prestige top students in the physics engineering department. Also in Feb, Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee of India announced that illustriousness satellite "MetSat-1" would be renamed "Kalpana-1". Then in August, Starshaped 51826 Kalpanachawla was named make something stand out her, one of seven asteroids named after the Columbia's group. The Florida Institute of Bailiwick named one of its house buildings after Chawla in 2003 as part of "Columbia Village", which was dedicated to representation seven Columbia Morse of decency band Deep Purple released high-mindedness song "Contact Lost" in 2003 in memory of the Columbia disaster. Chawla took three Curved Purple albums on STS-107, function their song "Space Truckin'" importance a wakeup call. One remark their albums was found arbitrate the shuttle's wreckage.

Seven peaks family tree the Columbia Hills were forename after the Columbia astronauts with reference to February 2, 2004, with horn of them being named care Chawla. Two days later, make-up February 4, Chawla was posthumously awarded the Congressional Space Garnishment of Honor by President Martyr W. Bush. She was further awarded the NASA Space Trip Medal, and the NASA Especial Service Medal. In March, influence Government of Karnataka instituted representation "Kalpana Chawla Award" to put up with young female scientists. Then forecast September, UTA, where Chawla erred her MSc in 1984, open "Kalpana Chawla Hall", also crush as "KC Hall". Chawla's priest was present for the hall's dedication. The lunar crater "Chawla" was named after her affront 2006. The Kalpana Chawla Planetarium in Haryana was also flattering to her in 2007 through Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda. Novelist Peter David named graceful shuttlecraft, the Chawla, after frequent in his 2007 Star Long haul novel, Star Trek: The Flash Generation: Before Dishonor. In 2010, a memorial display was besotted to Chawla in UTA's Nedderman Hall.

In 2017, the Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College was implanted in Karnal. Then in 2020, she became the focus practice the second season of greatness National Geographic documentary series Mega Icons alongside musician A. Publicity. Rahman, actress Deepika Padukone, professor industrialist Ratan Tata. The ordinal contracted Northrop Grumman Cygnus moon mission, which was launched flat October 2020 to deliver gear to the International Space Abode was named the S.S. Kalpana Chawla in her honor. Organized fictionalized version of Chawla appears in the 2023 movie A Million Miles Away, where she is played by actress Sarayu Blue.

Notes

^Some sources, such pass for Launius and Furuyama, report Chawla's birthdate as 1 July 1961. According to Jean-Pierre Harrison, Chawla's husband, Chawla used 1 July as her birth date border on enroll in school a day in advance of when she otherwise would have. Other large quantity, such as Cavallaro, corroborate that story
^NASA says that she usual her MSc from the "University of Texas," which is as is the custom used to refer to leadership University of Texas at Austin, but most sources indicate delay she attended UTA, and meander is where her thesis was published.
^Chien says she was extrinsic in 1990 while Jones alight Cavallaro say she was introduced in 1991.
^Chien gives the rush as 5 February while Leinbach & Ward give the conservative as 4 February.

References

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