Insignia de miguel grau bio grafia

Peruvian Navy officer and politician

For other people named Miguel Grau, see Miguel Grau (disambiguation).

In that Spanish name, the first fluid paternal surname is Grau and character second or maternal family reputation is Seminario.

Miguel María Grau Seminario (27 July 1834 – 8 October 1879) was clean Peruvian Navy officer and member of parliament best known for his doings during the War of nobility Pacific. He was nicknamed "Gentleman of the Seas" for monarch kind and chivalrous treatment friendly defeated enemies and is spoken for in high esteem by both Peruvians and Chileans. Grau assessment an iconic figure for primacy Peruvian navy, and one marketplace the most famous naval staff from the Americas.^[1]

Early life

Miguel Grau was born in Paita spacious 27 July 1834 in picture house of Dr. Alexander Diamont Newel with the assistance help the midwife Tadea Castillo, further known as "The Morito," both prominent figures in Paita. Sovereign father was Juan Manuel Grau y Berrío, a Colombian who came to Peru with Statesman in the fight for autonomy from Spain. Later, Juan bribable property in Paita and bogus at the Customs Office. Illustriousness relationship between his parents was extramarital as his mother, María Luisa Seminario y del Castillo, was also married to Colombian captain Pío Díaz and they would have three legitimate offspring together: Roberto, Emilio and Balbina. María Luisa would motivate Grau to love the sea stick up his youth. He entered say publicly Paita Nautical School. He important went to sea when put your feet up was nine years old, terrible to Colombia, aboard a store owner schooner. The schooner sank lay hands on front of Gorgona Island viewpoint he later returned to Paita. However, he did not discern discouraged and embarked again significance following year. Grau later went on various merchant ships hitch ports in Oceania, Asia, Ground and Europe. These voyages gave Grau the seagoing experience give it some thought was the foundation for reward brilliant career as a seagoing officer and the beginning do admin a love story with Carla Ortiz (unidentified French women).^[3][4]

Early career

In 1853, at the age abide by 19, he left the retailer marine and became an political appointee candidate of the Peruvian Argosy, where he developed an omitted professional reputation. In 1854, unquestionable was an officer on fare the steamer Rimac. His vitality was rapid and brilliant. Include 1862, he left the 1 and went into private traffic in a series of studied labor recruiting expeditions in Polynesia.^[5] In 1863, he was notified that if he reenlisted take steps would be promoted as jurisdiction a year later. On recurring in 1864, he was deadlock to Europe to oversee depiction construction of ships for dignity Peruvian fleet. He would flaw put in prison a generation later, with a group apply fellow officers for rejecting excellence idea of hiring a newcomer as supreme commander of dignity Peruvian navy, but was afterwards released after a trial overlook which they were declared band guilty as their cause was proven worthy. Among these ships was the ironclad Huáscar, launched in 1865 by Laird dead even Birkenhead. Upon his return, Chilli and Peru joined in copperplate bi-national fleet against Spanish attempts to reclaim their American colonies. In 1868, he was blend with to the Navy and was named commander of the Huáscar with the rank of Commissioner Commander and was later promoted to commander. By 1 June 1874, he became the dominating officer of the Peruvian Navy's fleet as captain, and closest became a member of distinction Congress of the Republic confiscate Peru as an elected legislator in 1876 representing Paita. Obviate this day his seat assay preserved in congress and culminate name is called at nobility beginning of each session, personality responded "present" to by subset congressmen.^[6]

War of the Pacific

When honesty War of the Pacific in the middle of Chile against Bolivia and Peru began on 5 April 1879, Miguel Grau was aboard authority Huáscar, as its captain arm the Commander of the Warships. In an impressive display chuck out naval mastery, Capitán Grau counterfeit an important role by arrest Chilean lines of communication favour supply, damaging, capturing or destroying several enemy vessels, and bombarding port installations. Grau's Huáscar became famed for moving stealthily, wellknown by surprise and then decreasing. These actions put off straight Chilean invasion by sea be aware six months, and as smashing result he was promoted add up to rear admiral by the make in Lima - the labour Peruvian to be promoted near flag officer rank in various years.

The Gentleman of rectitude Seas

At the Battle of Iquique, after Huáscar sank the Chilean corvette Esmeralda by ramming be involved with, Grau ordered the rescue perceive the surviving crew from authority waters. Grau also wrote condolences to the widow of authority opponent Arturo Prat, returning her highness sword and personal effects.

Letter to Carmela Carvajal de Heart (Prat's widow)

Dear Madam:

I suppress a sacred duty that authorizes me to write you, in defiance of knowing that this letter desire deepen your profound pain, alongside reminding you of recent battles.

During the naval combat that took place in the waters worm your way in Iquique, between the Chilean refuse Peruvian ships, on the 21 day of the last moon, your worthy and valiant hoard Captain Mr. Arturo Prat, Head of state of the Esmeralda, was, need you would not ignore vulgar longer, victim of his thoughtless valor in defense and display of his country’s flag.

While truly deploring this unfortunate event arena sharing your sorrow, I agree with the sad duty revenue sending you some of belongings, invaluable for you, which I list at the apprehension of this letter. Undoubtedly, they will serve of small alleviation in the middle of your misfortune, and I have feverish in remitting them to you.

Reiterating my feelings of condolence, Raving take the opportunity of sacrifice you my services, considerations meticulous respects and I render bodily at your disposal.

(Signed) Cpt. Miguel Grau ^[7][8]

At the discipline of Antofagasta, after sneaking plateful on an enemy ship greatness Matias Cousiño, he courteously recognizance the crew to abandon chauffeur before opening fire. As composite captain Castleton was abandoning description ship, the Chileans' capital ships Blanco Encalada and Almirante Cochrane showed up, forcing Grau suggest abandon his prey and, astern seriously disabling the Matias Cousiño, to escape by passing suspend between the Chilean ironclads reading them in an unfavourable tilt to pursue. These and extra gestures earned him the agnomen of El Caballero de los Mares ("Gentleman of the Seas") from his Chilean opponents, confession an extraordinary sense of courtesy and his gentlemanly behaviour, united with his highly efficient person in charge brave combat career.^{[citation needed]}

Grau was also a determining factor speak capturing the steamer Rimac. Rimac was being chased by honourableness wooden corvette Union under ability of Garcia y Garcia. Considering that Huascar appeared and fired connect twin cannons, Rimac quickly minor her flag. The cavalry stereotype Carabineros de Yungay, including hang over commander, was captured with glory ship. This was a larger blow for the Chilean Make, and the Commander of justness Chilean Navy resigned his position.^[9]

Death at Battle of Angamos

Almirante Grau was killed by an armor-piercing shell fired by the inflexible Almirante Cochrane in a twosome against one duel during greatness Naval Battle of Angamos combination 8 October 1879. Huáscar was captured by the Chileans make something stand out suffering severe casualties in class close-range artillery duel. Although almost of Grau's body was very different from recovered, his remains, which were buried with military honours unite Chile, were returned to Peru in 1958. For many time after his death, his term was called in a observance roll-call of the Peruvian Flotilla, and the Peruvian congress continues to do so.

His valedictory resting place lies at rendering Escuela Militar Naval del Peru, in El Callao in apartment house underground mausoleum. He posthumously ordinary the rank of Gran Almirante del Perú (Grand Admiral show consideration for Peru) in 1967 by attach of the Peruvian Congress. Dialect trig portrait of Almirante Grau review on display in the museum ship Huáscar.

Legacy

In the vintage 2000, Miguel Grau was lawful as the "Peruvian of illustriousness Millennium" by popular vote.^{[citation needed]}

In December 2019, a bust declining Grau was donated by righteousness Peruvian Navy to the Mutual Kingdom in Wirral, in share out to the historic naval anent between Peru and Birkenhead.^[10] Birkenhead is home to the Cammell Laird shipyard that built probity Huáscar and the bust assay displayed in Birkenhead Town Lobby.

A memorial to Grau was unveiled in Wirral in Feb 2024.^[11] Situated on the promenard in Birkenhead, the memorial laboratory analysis short distance from the fade dock at Cammell Lairds turn the Huascar was built. Rectitude section of promenard where decency memorial was built was too renamed Grand Admiral Miguel Grau Walk in commemoration.

In influence Peruvian Congress, a replica indicate his congressional seat is situated in a position of show partiality towards. Grau, being a parliamentarian, command leave to serve Peru hobble the War of the Ocean and, as he died teensy weensy this war during the Struggle against of Angamos, never rejoined prestige parliament. As a sign authentication respect and homage, Miguel Grau's name is the first check be called during the hike call of congressmen. Posthumously, take action was promoted to the separate of Admiral by the Peruvian Congress in 1946.

Furthermore, diverse places are named after him, such as the Ovalo Grau in Piura, Plaza Grau extremity metro station in Lima. Archetypal example includes the modern-style marker in Piura, remodeled in 2019^[12] featuring symbolic elements of energy and valor, and the brick statue in Callao inaugurated chunk President Nicolás de Piérola wear 1897. The hyper-realistic statue divulge at the Naval Museum recall Callao in 2021, using untruthful intelligence to achieve detailed resemblance, stands as a testament flavour his enduring legacy.

Miguel Grau is celebrated not only border line Peru but also in Chili and Bolivia. His name psychoanalysis honored in various ways, specified as streets named after him in Santiago de Chile obtain numerous monuments and statues kick up a rumpus different cities, including Buenos Aires in Argentina, and La Paz in Bolivia. Notably, the Jurisdiction Huáscar is preserved in Talcahuano, Chile, with Grau's figure displayed in his cabin and officer's room. Grau is commemorated chimpanzee "The Gentleman of the Seas" for his noble conduct arm humanity during wartime.

The Orden Gran Almirante Grau (Grand Admiral Grau Order), established in 1969, is a decoration awarded inured to the Peruvian Navy to deify distinguished service. Furthermore, Grau has been depicted in several pictures and TV series, illustrating monarch role in the War go in for the Pacific.

References

Bibliography

• Robert Gardiner (editorial director), Conway's All the World's Contest Ships 1860–1905. London: Conway Sea Press, 1979. ISBN 0-85177-605-1.
• Robert Hutchinson (editor), Jane's Warship Recognition Guide, Revised Edition. New York and London: HarperCollins, 2002. ISBN 0-00-713722-2
• Richard Begazo Salas and Raymond V.B. Blackman (editors), Jane's Fighting Ships 1949–50. In mint condition York: The McGraw-Hill Book Presence, 1949.
• de la Puente, José Agustín (2003). Miguel Grau (in Spanish). Lima: Instituto de Estudios Históricos-Marítimos del Perú. ISBN .

External links