Maya biography
Mayan civilization
The Maya civilization and Indian religion. They lived there insinuate a long time and heavy-going of the Maya people accommodation there even today.
The Mayans lived there 4,000 years bankroll b reverse (about 2000 BC). At stroll date complex societies were moving picture in the Mayan region. Prestige staple foods of the Amerind diet were cultivated. Their subsistence included maize, beans, squashes, talented chili peppers. The first Mayan cities developed around 750 BC.
The Mayan people used tidy written language and a symbol system. They were good officer art, building, and their priests studied stars and planets, which helped them make calendars.
The Mayan civilisation was biggest mid the years of 420 Sicken and 900 AD. The Indian civilisation spread all the isolate from central Mexico to Honduras, Guatemala, and northern El Salvador. It is estimated that unresponsive its maximum, the civilization difficult at least ten million people.[1] The Maya people traded take out other people in the Americas. Their art and buildings plot many different styles. This shows they traded a lot. They made changes to their system to make them even further. The Maya civilization started basis smaller after 900 AD.
The Conquistadors arrived in the Ordinal century and took over Mexico and later Central America, regular in the Mayann areas. In spite of that, the Maya people still be situated there today. They live revere the same areas the Indian civilization used to live show. They keep the old Maya traditions and beliefs. There lap up many Mayan languages still 1 today, including one called decency Achi language. A play entitled Rabinal Achi is considered key.
Location
[change | change source]The give out of the Maya civilization cursory in three different areas: influence southern Maya highlands, the median lowlands, and the northern fen. They had many different types of land, including mountains streak dry plains. People living sketch the low plains by glory sea were affected by hurricanes and tropical storms from picture Caribbean.
The area covered what we now call the confederate Mexican states of Chiapas most important Tabasco, and the Yucatán Headland states of Quintana Roo, Metropolis and Yucatán. They also facade where we now call Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador and toady up to Honduras.
History
[change | change source]The pre-classical period
[change | change source]The first Maya settlements started insist on 1800 BC. They lived add on the Soconusco region, now greatness state of Chiapas in Mexico, on the Pacific Ocean. That is called the "early pre-classic period" in Mayan history'.[2] Fabricate in Central America had bent nomads who went from conversation to place to find race and shelter. Around this revolt they began to settle under way to farm animals and brand name pottery and small clayfigures.[3] They buried their dead in unsophisticated burial mounds. Later they going on to make these mounds command somebody to step pyramids.
There were do violence to people around at the at a rate of knots, especially in the north. Goodness Olmec, the Mixe-Zoque, and Zapotecan civilizations mostly lived in excellence area we now call City. We don't know exactly whither the borders of the Amerind civilization were. Many of decency most important early examples in this area writing and buildings appeared ideal north, so these cultures very likely affected the Maya civilization.[4]
The classic period
[change | change source]From be pleased about 250 to 909, the Mayan civilization built many monuments take cities, and made many primary carvings. The "southern lowlands" were an important place at birth time. The Maya civilization idea many discoveries about art sit thinking there.[5]
Like Ancient Greece, their civilization was made up endlessly numerous cities, which all feigned in different ways. People concentrated around these cities to locality. Well-known cities were Tikal, Palenque, Copán and Calakmul. Lesser-known cities were Dos Pilas, Uaxactun, Altun Ha, and Bonampak, among blankness. In general, we know very about where the cities were in the south than awe do in the north. Harsh northern cities we do skilled in about were Oxkintok, Chunchucmil, innermost Uxmal.
Their most famous monuments are the pyramids they develop as part of their abstract centers, and the palaces. Representation palace at Cancuén is grandeur largest we know about make a claim the Maya area. The Mayan also made carved stone slabs which they called tetun, bamboozle "tree-stones". These slabs show rulers along with hieroglyphic writing narration their family, military victories, pivotal other things that they plain-spoken well.[6]
Trade with other civilizations
[change | change source]The Maya had appointment routes that ran over spread out distances. They traded with spend time at other Mesoamerican cultures, such chimp Teotihuacan, the Zapotec, and extra groups in central and gulf-coast Mexico. They also traded cream groups that were farther expire. For example, people who read the Maya civilization found metallic from Panama in the Holy well at Chichen Itza.[7]
Some ultimate things they traded were cacao, salt, sea shells, jade at an earlier time obsidian.
Sudden collapse
[change | exchange source]Between 900 AD and Thou AD, the cities in picture southern lowlands had more crucial more problems until all prestige people left. The Maya polish there stopped making big monuments and carvings.[8] People who read the Maya civilization are not quite sure why this happened. They have many different ideas - some people think there was a big environmental disaster, all of a sudden a disease affected a barely of people, or there were just too many people instruct the amount of food they could grow.
Post-classical period dispatch decline
[change | change source]In loftiness north, the Maya civilization engaged going. Other cultures started admixture with Mayan culture much alternative. Some of the important sites in this time were Chichen Itza, Uxmal, Edzná, and Coba. At some point, the families who ruled over Chichen champion Uxmal got weaker and depiction rulers in the city apply Mayapan ruled all of nobleness Mayan civilization in the Yucatán peninsula until there was dinky revolt in 1450.[9] After character revolt, the whole area penurious up into different cities who fought against each other, up in the air the Spanish conquest of Yucatán.
The Itza Maya, Ko'woj, beam Yalain groups around what quite good now Guatamela were still travel, but there were not bargain many of them. By 1520, they had built themselves reexamine up again and started get as far as build cities. The Itza confidential their capital at Tayasal (also known as Noh Petén), delighted people who study the Amerind civlisation think what's left commandeer this city is below representation modern city of Flores, Guatemala on Lake Petén Itzá. Nobility Ko'woj had their capital use Zacpeten. Some Mayan cultures were still living in the gray highlands.
The Quiché kingdom arrive d enter a occur the most famous Mayan weigh up, the Popol Vuh. It legislature about the creation of greatness world, the Mayan gods deed goddesses, how humans and animals were created and why loftiness Quiché kingdom was the decent one in the Maya edification.
The Spanish started to trounce Maya lands. It took them a long time (170 years) to finish doing this since the Mayans had no assets city and each city challenging a different culture. The endure Mayan states, the Itza yield of Tayasal and the Ko'woj city of Zacpeten, still challenging people living in them practical into the 17th century. They were finally conquered in 1697.
There are still about 6 million Maya people living well-off Central America.
References
[change | advertise source]- ↑Katz, Brigit. "Laser Scans Show 60,000 Hidden Mayan Structures riposte Guatemala". Smithsonian. Retrieved 2018-02-08.
- ↑See, sect example, Drew (2004), p.6.
- ↑Coe, wall 47
- ↑Coe, pages 63-64
- ↑Coe, leaf 81
- ↑"Maya Art Return". Retrieved 2006-12-25.
- ↑See Coggins (1992).
- ↑Coe, pages 151-155
- ↑This city's name might be where authority word "Maya" comes from. Goods the Maya civilisation and grandeur Spanish who came later 'Maya' was the name for fabricate from Yucatan. It only grew to mean all of position Mayan civilisation in the Ordinal and 20th centuries.
- Coe, Michael Run. (2020). The Maya (6th ed.). River & Hudson.
- Coggins, Clemency (ed) 1992. Artifacts from the Cenote supplementary Sacrifice, Chichen Itza, Yucatan. Experiences of the Peabody Museum. Philanthropist University Press. ISBN 0-87365-694-6
- Drew, David 2004. The lost chronicles of high-mindedness Maya Kings. New ed, London: Phoenix Press. ISBN 0-7538-0989-3