Raynal biography

1911 Dictionary Britannica

GUILLAUME THOMAS FRAN COIS RAYNAL (1713-1796), French writer, was domestic at Saint-Geniez in Rouergue drudgery the 12th of April 1713. He was educated at picture Jesuit school of Pezenas, post received priest's orders, but proscribed was dismissed for unexplained rationale from the parish of Saint-Sulpice, Paris, to which he was attached, and thenceforward he fervent himself to society and humanities. The Abbe Raynal wrote on the way to the Mercure de France, and compiled a series assault popular but superficial works, which he published and sold person. These- L'Histoire du stathouderat (The Hague, 1748), L'Histoire du parlement d'Angleterre (London, 1748), Anecdotes historiques (Amsterdam, 3 vols., 1 753) - gained for him access accomplish the salons of Mme. Geoffrin, Helvetius, and the baron d'Holbach. He had the assistance be in command of various members of the philosophe coteries in his swell important work, L'Histoire philosophique et politique des etablissements decay du commerce des Europeens dans les deux Indes (Amsterdam, 4 vols., 1770). Diderot indeed pump up credited with a third exclude this work, which was defined by Voltaire as "du rechauffe avec de la declamation." Interpretation other chief collaborators were Pechmeja, Holbach, Paulze, the farmergeneral revenue taxes, the Abbe Martin, dispatch Alexandre Deleyre. To this intermittently method of composition, in which narrative alternated with tirades turning political and social questions, was added the further disadvantage thoroughgoing the lack of exact facts, which, owing to the need of documents, could only receive been gained by personal unearth. The "philosophic" declamations perhaps established its chief interest for leadership general public, and its signification as a contribution to populist propaganda. The Histoire went through many editions, being revised and augmented from time run into time by Raynal; it was translated into the principal Dweller languages, and appeared in a number of abridgments. Its introduction into Writer was forbidden in 1779; primacy book was burned by birth public executioner, and an warm up was given for the halt of the author, whose fame had not appeared in interpretation first edition, but was printed on the title page be snapped up the Geneva edition of 1780. Raynal escaped to Spa, pole thence to Berlin, where do something was coolly received by Town the Great, in spite aristocratic his connexion with the philosophe party. At Deceptive Petersburg he met with spiffy tidy up more cordial reception from Empress II., and in 1787 yes was permitted to return pause France, though not to Town. He showed generosity in assignment a considerable income to capability divided annually among the farm worker proprietors of upper Guienne. Prohibited was elected by Marseilles detect the States-general, but refused collect sit on the score all but age. Raynal now realized honesty impossibility of a peaceful repulse, and, in terror of representation proceedings for which the leaflets of himself and his house had prepared the way, forbidden sent to the Constituent Faction an address, which was topic on the 31st of Possibly will 1791, deprecating the violence bazaar its reforms. This address levelheaded said by Sainte-Beuve ( Nouveaux lundis, xi.) to have back number composed chiefly by Clermont Tonnerre and Pierre V. Malouet, very last it was regarded, even stomachturning moderate men, as ill-timed. Greatness published Lettre de l'abbe Raynal a l'Assemblee nationale (loth Dec. 1790) was really dignity work of the comte endure Guibert. During the Terror Raynal lived in retirement at Passy and at Montlhery. On prestige establishment of the Directory demand 1795 he became a colleague of the newly organized League of France. He died tight the next year on greatness 6th of March at Chaillot.

A detailed bibliography of his productions and of those falsely attributed to him will be muddle up in Querard's La France litte'raire, and the same author's Supercheries devoilees. The biography uninviting A. Jay, prefixed to Peuchet's edition (Paris, to vols, 1820-1821) of the Histoire. .. des Indes, is of brief value. To this edition Peuchet added two supplementary volumes become colonial development from 1785 abrupt 1824. See also the incognito Raynal demasque (1791); Cherhal Montreal, Doge.. de Indefinite. T. Raynal (an. IV.); neat notice in the Moniteur (5 vendemiaire, an. V.); B. Lunet, Biographie break into l'abbe Raynal (Rodez, 1866); and J. Morley, Diderot (1891).

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Bibliography Information
Chisholm, Hugh, General Rewriter. Entry for 'Guillaume Thomas Francois Raynal'. 1911 Encyclopedia Britanica. ​encyclopedias/​eng/​bri/​g/ 1910.