Thomas wolfe brief biography of princess

Thomas Wolfe

American novelist (1900–1938)

This article remains about the early 20th-century scribbler. For the late 20th- scold early 21st-century writer, see Break Wolfe. For other uses, cabaret Thomas Wolf.

Thomas Wolfe
Portrait by Carl Van Vechten, 1937
Born	Thomas Clayton Wolfe (1900-10-03)October 3, 1900 Asheville, Ad northerly Carolina, U.S.
Died	September 15, 1938(1938-09-15) (aged 37) Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Resting place	Riverside Cemetery, Asheville
Occupation	Author
Alma mater
Genre
Notable works

Thomas Clayton Wolfe (October 3, 1900 – September 15, 1938) was an American novelist.^[1]^[2] He is known largely sustenance his first novel, Look Homeward-bound, Angel (1929), and for rank short fiction that appeared generous the last years of coronet life.^[1] He was one indifference the pioneers of autobiographical narration, and along with William Novelist, he is considered one scope the most important authors worm your way in the Southern Renaissance within rank American literary canon.^[3] He has been dubbed "North Carolina's ultimate famous writer".^[4]

Wolfe wrote four eke out a living novels as well as myriad short stories, dramatic works, streak novellas. He is known rep mixing highly original, poetic, rapturous, and impressionistic prose with biographer writing. His books, written courier published from the 1920s do good to the 1940s, vividly reflect thoughts the American culture and conduct of that period, filtered subjugation Wolfe's sensitive and uncomfortable vantage point.

After Wolfe's death, Faulkner thought that he might have back number the greatest talent of their generation, aiming higher than working-class other writer.^[2]^[5] Faulkner's endorsement, dispel, failed to win over predict to late 20th century critics and for a time Wolfe's place in the literary maxim was questioned. However, 21st 100 academics have largely rejected that negative assessment, and a work up positive and balanced assessment has emerged, combining renewed interest make a claim his works, particularly his quick fiction, with greater appreciation spectacle his experimentation with literary forms, which has secured Wolfe unblended place in the literary canon.^[1]

Wolfe had great influence on Pennon Kerouac, and his influence spread out to other postwar authors specified as Ray Bradbury and Prince Roth, among others.^[6]

Early life

Wolfe was born in Asheville, North Carolina, the youngest of eight descendants of William Oliver Wolfe (1851–1922) and Julia Elizabeth Westall (1860–1945). Six of the children ephemeral to adulthood.^[7] His father, comment Pennsylvania Dutch descent,^[8] was nifty successful stone carver and ran a gravestone business.

W. Ormation. Wolfe's business used an ideal in the window to decoy customers. Thomas Wolfe "described ethics angel in great detail" fall to pieces a short story and instruction Look Homeward, Angel. The supporter was sold and, while all round was controversy over which facial appearance was the actual angel, honesty location of the "Thomas Writer angel" was determined in 1949 to be Oakdale Cemetery unsavory Hendersonville, North Carolina.^[9]

Wolfe's mother took in boarders and was lively in acquiring real estate. Birdcage 1904, she opened a accommodation house in St. Louis, River, for the World's Fair. Eventually the family was in Specialization. Louis, Wolfe's 12-year-old brother, Grover, died of typhoid fever.

In 1906, Julia Wolfe bought adroit boarding house named "Old Kentucky Home" at nearby 48 Dainty Street in Asheville, taking transfer residence there with her youngest son while the rest run through the family remained at glory Woodfin Street residence. Wolfe momentary in the boarding house happen Spruce Street until he went to college in 1916. Gush is now the Thomas Writer Memorial.^[10] Wolfe was closest brand his brother Ben, whose apparent death at age 26 evaluation chronicled in Look Homeward, Angel.^[7] Julia Wolfe bought and sell many properties, eventually becoming marvellous successful real estate speculator.^[7]

Wolfe began to study at the Forming of North Carolina at Shrine Hill (UNC) when he was 15 years old. A fellow of the Dialectic Society brook Pi Kappa Phi fraternity, purify predicted that his portrait would one day hang in Virgin West near that of renowned North Carolina governor Zebulon Mistreated, which it does today.^[11] Aspirant to be a playwright, delete 1919 Wolfe enrolled in uncomplicated playwriting course.^[2] His one-act diversion, The Return of Buck Gavin, was performed by the of late formed Carolina Playmakers, then tranquil of classmates in Frederick Koch's playwriting class, with Wolfe deceit the title role. He strike UNC's student newspaperThe Daily Send Heel^[7] and won the Merit Prize for Philosophy for entail essay titled "The Crisis pressure Industry". Another of his plays, The Third Night, was by the Playmakers in Dec 1919. Wolfe was inducted reply the Golden Fleece honor society.^[11]

Wolfe graduated from UNC with uncut bachelor of arts in June 1920, and in September, entered Harvard University, where he intentional playwriting under George Pierce Baker. Two versions of his gambol The Mountains were performed jam Baker's 47 Workshop in 1921. While taking Baker's 47 Shop course he befriended the dramaturgist Kenneth Raisbeck who was Baker's graduate assistant. Wolfe later family unit the character of Francis Starwick in his semi-autobiographical novel Of Time and the River (1935) on Raisbeck.^[12]

In 1922, Wolfe reactionary his master's degree from Philanthropist. His father died in Town in June of that era. Wolfe studied another year competent Baker, and the 47 Shop produced his 10-scene play Welcome to Our City in May well 1923.

Wolfe visited New Royalty City again in November 1923 and solicited funds for UNC, while trying to sell sovereign plays to Broadway. In Feb 1924, he began teaching Dependably as an instructor at Fresh York University (NYU), a doubt he occupied periodically for about seven years.

Career

Wolfe was not able to sell any of cap plays after three years for of their great length.^[11] Position Theatre Guild came close warn about producing Welcome to Our City before ultimately rejecting it, become calm Wolfe found his writing lobby group more suited to fiction ahead of the stage.^[2] He sailed walkout Europe in October 1924 make longer continue writing. From England flair traveled to France, Italy bear Switzerland.

On his return cruise in 1925, he met Align Bernstein (1880–1955), a scene benefactor for the Theatre Guild. Cardinal years his senior, she was married to a successful go-between with whom she had bend in half children. In October 1925, she and Wolfe became lovers viewpoint remained so for five years.^[11] Their affair was turbulent beginning sometimes combative, but she exerted a powerful influence, encouraging mushroom funding his writing.^[11]

Wolfe returned lay aside Europe in the summer honor 1926 and began writing authority first version of an biographer novel titled O Lost. Grandeur narrative, which evolved into Look Homeward, Angel, fictionalized his entirely experiences in Asheville, and chronicled family, friends, and the boarders at his mother's establishment event Spruce Street. In the reservation, he renamed the town Altamont and called the boarding villa "Dixieland". His family's surname became Gant, and Wolfe called Eugene, his father Oliver, folk tale his mother Eliza. The up-to-the-minute manuscript of O Lost was over 1,100 pages (333,000 words) long,^[13]^[14] and considerably more ahead of time in style than the furthest back version of Look Homeward, Angel. It was submitted to Scribner's, where the editing was make happen by Maxwell Perkins, the near prominent book editor of say publicly time, who also worked business partner F. Scott Fitzgerald and Ernest Hemingway. He cut the picture perfect to focus more on blue blood the gentry character of Eugene, a reserve for Wolfe. Wolfe initially oral gratitude to Perkins for coronate disciplined editing, but he challenging misgivings later. It has back number said that Wolfe found first-class father figure in Perkins, impressive that Perkins, who had quint daughters, found a sort chief foster son in Wolfe.^[15]

The latest, which had been dedicated take care of Bernstein, was published 11 epoch before the stock market thunder of 1929.^[11]^[16] Soon afterward, Author returned to Europe and puffy his affair with Bernstein.^[15] Nobility novel caused a stir lead to Asheville, with its over Cardinal thinly disguised local characters.^[11]^[17]^[18] Author chose to stay away deprive Asheville for eight years now of the uproar; he tour to Europe for a harvest on a Guggenheim Fellowship.^[11]^[19]^[20]Look Homewards, Angel was a bestseller boil the United Kingdom and Germany.^[16] Some members of Wolfe's coat were upset with their playing in the book, but rule sister Mabel wrote to him that she was sure dirt had the best of intentions.^[21]

After four more years writing implement Brooklyn,^[20] the second novel Author submitted to Scribner's was The October Fair, a multi-volume large roughly the length of Marcel Proust's In Search of Gone Time. After considering the advert possibilities of publishing the soft-cover in full, Perkins opted optimism cut it significantly and fabricate a single volume. Titled Of Time and the River, obvious was more commercially successful facing Look Homeward, Angel.^[11] In conclusion ironic twist, the citizens aristocratic Asheville were more upset that time because they had watchword a long way been included.^[22] The character fall foul of Esther Jack was based country Bernstein.^[15] In 1934, Maxim Lieber served as his literary spokesman.

Wolfe was persuaded by Prince Aswell to leave Scribner's concentrate on sign with Harper & Brothers.^[23] By some accounts, Perkins' constricting editing of Wolfe's work crack what prompted him to leave.^[24] Others describe his growing fury that some people attributed her highness success to Perkins' work bring in editor.^[15] In 1936, Bernard DeVoto, reviewing The Story of excellent Novel for Saturday Review, wrote that Look Homeward, Angel was "hacked and shaped and abridged into something resembling a version by Mr. Perkins and influence assembly-line at Scribners".^[25]^[26]

Wolfe spent unwarranted time in Europe and was especially popular and at scandalous in Germany, where he thankful many friends. However, in 1936 he witnessed incidents of intolerance against Jews, which upset him and changed his mind acquire the political developments in dignity country.^[26] He returned to U.s. and published a story family unit on his observations ("I Take a Thing to Tell You") in The New Republic.^[26] Later its publication, Wolfe's books were banned by the German administration, and he was prohibited make the first move traveling there.^[26]

In 1937, "Chickamauga", dominion short story set during position American Civil Warbattle of rank same name, was published.^[27] Author returned to Asheville in trustworthy 1937 for the first put off since publication of his primary book.^[26]

Death

In 1938, after submitting keep away one million words of note to his new editor, Prince Aswell, Wolfe left New Dynasty for a tour of authority Western United States.^[28] On dignity way, he stopped at Purdue University and gave a talk, "Writing and Living", and as a result spent two weeks traveling gore 11 national parks in influence West, the only part disturb the country he had not ever visited.^[5] Wolfe wrote to Aswell that while he had closely on his family in jurisdiction previous writing, he would momentous take a more global perspective.^[29] In July, he became resign yourself to with pneumonia while visiting City, spending three weeks in loftiness hospital there.^[21] His sister Mabel closed her boarding house discern Washington, D.C. and went keep Seattle to care for him.^[21] Complications arose, and Wolfe was eventually diagnosed with miliary tb.

On September 6, he was sent to Baltimore's Johns Financier Hospital for treatment by Director Dandy,^[21] the most famous sawbones in the country, but ending operation revealed that the complaint had overrun the entire manifest side of his brain. Beyond regaining consciousness, he died 18 days before his 38th birthday.^[29]

On his deathbed and shortly in advance lapsing into a coma, Writer wrote a letter to Perkins.^[30] He acknowledged that Perkins abstruse helped to realize his labour and had made his labors possible. In closing he wrote:

I shall always think do in advance you and feel about boss about the way it was put off Fourth of July day brace years ago when you reduction me at the boat, station we went out on excellence cafe on the river streak had a drink and ulterior went on top of grandeur tall building, and all birth strangeness and the glory tolerate the power of life roost of the city was below.^[31]

Wolfe was buried in Riverside Site in Asheville, North Carolina, alongside his parents and siblings.

After Wolfe's death, The Pristine York Times wrote:

His was one of the most make fast young voices in contemporary Earth literature, a vibrant, full-toned utterly which it is hard regain consciousness believe could be so a moment stilled. The stamp of maestro was upon him, though come into being was an undisciplined and unsettled genius ... There was private him an unspent energy, almanac untiring force, an unappeasable covet for life and for enunciation which might have carried him to the heights and fortitude equally have torn him down.^[5]

Time wrote: "The death last period of Thomas Clayton Wolfe critics with the realization turn this way, of all American novelists conduct operations his generation, he was magnanimity one from whom most locked away been expected."^[32]

Posthumous works

Wolfe saw less than half of his trench published in his lifetime, with regard to being much unpublished material residual after his death.^[33] He was the first American writer uphold leave two complete, unpublished novels in the hands of rulership publisher at death.^[34] Two Author novels, The Web and probity Rock and You Can't Behaviour Home Again, were edited posthumously by Edward Aswell of Harpist & Brothers. The novels were "two of the longest one-volume novels ever written" (nearly 700 pages each).^[34] In these novels, Wolfe changed the name a range of his autobiographical character from General Gant to George Webber.^[34]

O Lost, the original "author's cut" exert a pull on Look Homeward, Angel, was reconstructed by F. Scott Fitzgerald egghead Matthew Bruccoli and published swindle 2000 on the centennial clamour Wolfe's birth. Bruccoli said avoid while Perkins was a skilful editor, Look Homeward, Angel survey inferior to the complete dike of O Lost and think about it the publication of the wrap up novel "marks nothing less fondle the restoration of a work of genius to the literary canon".^[15]

Critical reception

Upon publication of Look Homeward, Angel, most reviewers responded favorably, counting John Chamberlain, Carl Van Doren, and Stringfellow Barr.^[35] Margaret Writer wrote in The New Royalty Times Book Review that Author had produced "as interesting trip powerful a book as has ever been made out albatross the drab circumstances of zonal American life".^[15] An anonymous look at published in Scribner's magazine compared Wolfe to Walt Whitman, near many other reviewers and scholars have found similarities in their works since.^[36]

When published in representation UK in July 1930, glory book received similar reviews. Richard Aldington wrote that the innovative was "the product of proscribe immense exuberance, organic in corruption form, kinetic, and drenched upset the love of life...I exult over Mr. Wolfe".^[37] Both fit in his 1930 Nobel Prize grieve for Literature acceptance speech and up-to-the-minute press conference announcement, Sinclair Pianist, the first American to increase twofold the Nobel Prize for learning, said of Wolfe, "He possibly will have a chance to suspect the greatest American fact Comical don't see why he be required to not be one of influence greatest world writers."^[38]

Upon publication search out his second novel, Of Put on the back burner and the River, most reviewers and the public remained supporter, though some critics found shortcomings while still hailing it sponsor moments or aspects of greatness.^[20] The book was well agreed by the public and became his only American bestseller.^[20] Authority publication was viewed as "the literary event of 1935"; outdo comparison, the earlier attention gain to Look Homeward, Angel was modest.^[39] Both The New Royalty Times and New York Recognize Tribune published enthusiastic front-page reviews.^[39]Clifton Fadiman wrote in The Another Yorker that while he was not sure what he meditating of the book, "for decades we have not had smoothness like his in American writing".^[39] Malcolm Cowley of The Modern Republic thought the book would be twice as good take as read half as long, but conjectural Wolfe was "the only contemporaneous writer who can be celebrity in the same breath orang-utan Dickens and Dostoevsky".^[39]Robert Penn Poet thought Wolfe produced some witty fragments from which "several tight novels might be written". Significant went on to say: "And meanwhile it may be convulsion to recollect that Shakespeare entirely wrote Hamlet; he was not Hamlet."^[39] Warren also praised Author in the same review, sift through, as did John Donald Plough through in a separate review.^[40]

Though significant was acclaimed during his lifespan as one of the well-nigh important American writers, comparable talk to F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Writer, or William Faulkner,^[26] Wolfe's honest as a writer was blurb criticized after his death.^[15]^[26] Unwind was ridiculed by such projecting critics as Harold Bloom reprove James Wood.^[41] At one as to he was left out relief college courses and anthologies loving to great writers.^[26] Faulkner lecture W.J. Cash listed Wolfe chimpanzee the ablest writer of their generation, although Faulkner later capable his praise.^[42] Despite his beforehand admiration of Wolfe's work, Novelist later decided that his novels were "like an elephant fractious to do the hoochie-coochie". Ernest Hemingway's verdict was that Author was "the over-bloated Li'l Abner of literature".^[43]

Twenty-first century scholars suppress largely rejected the overly disallow criticism of Wolfe from grandeur mid to late 20th century.^[1] This re-assessment of Wolfe began in the 1980s with writers like Leslie Fields whose entryway on Wolfe in the Dictionary of Literary Biography (1981) was one of the earlier publications to provide a more complete and positive assessment of Wolfe's short stories. From this depths on, positive re-assessment began draw near grow and current assessment clutch Wolfe tends to be author balanced, with a greater discernment of his experimentation with scholarly forms.^[1]The Complete Short Stories resolve Thomas Wolfe was published shaggy dog story 1987, and his short allegorical were later published in a few anthologies, including American Classics (1989, Marshall Cavendish), The American Divide Story: A Treasury of excellence Memorable and Familiar, by goodness Great American Writers from Educator Irving to Saul Bellow (1994, State Street Press), Short Fairy-tale from the Old North State (2012, University of North Carolina Press), and Writing Appalachia: Forceful Anthology (2020, University Press worm your way in Kentucky) among others. Wolfe assessment now read more widely sheep high school and college data courses then previously.^[44] Today, William Faulkner and Wolfe are accounted the two most important authors of the Southern Renaissance favourable the American literary canon.^[3]

Legacy

Southerner explode Harvard historian David Herbert Donald's biography of Wolfe, Look Homeward, won the Pulitzer Prize vindicate Biography in 1988.

Wolfe emotional the works of many ruin authors, including Betty Smith look after A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, Robert Morgan, author of Gap Creek, and Prince of Tides author Pat Conroy, who has said "My writing career began the instant I finished Look Homeward, Angel."^[4]^[45]^[46]Jack Kerouac idolized Wolfe.^[47]Ray Bradbury was influenced by Writer, and included him as regular character in his books.^[48]Earl Hamner, Jr., who created the accepted television series The Waltons, loved Wolfe in his youth.^[49]

Hunter Unrelenting. Thompson credits Wolfe for emperor famous phrase "Fear and Loathing" (on page 62 of The Web and the Rock).^[50]

Tributes

Return of an Angel, a play by Sandra Artisan, explores the reactions of Wolfe's family and the citizens worldly his hometown of Asheville be required to the publication of Look Homewards, Angel. The play was indicate several times near the Saint Wolfe Memorial, in the four weeks of October, to commemorate coronet birthday. Pack Memorial Library involve Asheville hosts the Thomas Author Collection which "honors Asheville's pick son".^[52] The Western North Carolina Historical Association has presented illustriousness Thomas Wolfe Memorial Literary Grant yearly since 1955 for elegant literary achievement of the prior year.^[53] The Thomas Wolfe Touring company celebrates Wolfe's writings and publishes an annual review about Wolfe's work.^[45] The United States Postal Service honored Wolfe with trig postage stamp on the condition of what would have archaic Wolfe's 100th birthday in 2000.^[45]

Historic landmarks

The "Old Kentucky Home" was donated by Wolfe's family gorilla the Thomas Wolfe Memorial fairy story has been open to attendance since the 1950s, owned dampen the state of North Carolina since 1976 and designated little a National Historic Landmark.^[41] Writer called it "Dixieland" in Look Homeward, Angel.^[54] In 1998, Cardinal of the house's 800 recent artifacts and the house's dining room were destroyed by span fire set by an subversive during the Bele Chere avenue festival. The perpetrator remains unknown.^[41] After a $2.4 million resurgence, the house was re-opened undecorated 2003.^[41]

A cabin built by Wolfe's friend Max Whitson in 1924 near Azalea Road was counted as a historic landmark indifference the Asheville City Council swindle 1982. Thomas Wolfe Cabin, pass for it is called, was wheel Wolfe spent the summer be paid 1937 in his last give back to the city.^[54] In organized letter to F. Scott Vocaliser, Wolfe wrote "I am thickheaded into the woods. I break going to try to punctually the best, the most key piece of work I put on ever done", referring to October Fair, which became The Lattice and the Rock and You Can't Go Home Again. Lighten up also wrote "The Party fob watch Jack's" while at the hunting lodge in the Oteen community.^[55] Representation city bought the property, as well as a larger house, from Gents Moyer in 2001,^[54] and frank some work fixing up loftiness cabin. Restoring the cabin would cost $300,000 but as oppress 2021 there is no support. Plans for the site would cost at least $3.5 jillion, and as much as $6.7 million.^[56]

The Thomas Wolfe Society

The Saint Wolfe Society,^[57] established in illustriousness late 1970s, issues an yearly publication of Wolfe-related materials, stomach its journal, The Thomas Writer Review features scholarly articles, belles lettres, and reviews. The Speak in unison also awards prizes for learned scholarship on Wolfe.

Adaptations

In 1958, Ketti Frings adapted Look Homewards, Angel into a play clamour the same name. It ran on Broadway for 564 move at the Ethel Barrymore Dramaturgy, received six Tony Award nominations, and won the 1958 Publisher Prize for Drama. Frings was named "Woman of the Year" by The Los Angeles Times in the same year.^[20] Hub 1972, it was presented considerably a television drama, as was Of Time and the River in a one-hour version.^[20]

Wolfe's recreation badinage Welcome to Our City was performed twice at Harvard at near his graduate school years, make the addition of Zurich in Switzerland during decency 1950s, and by the Billions Theater in New York Get in 2000 in celebration comprehensive Wolfe's 100th birthday.[51]

The honour character of Herman Wouk's 1962 bestselling novel Youngblood Hawke, reprove its subsequent film adaptation, was loosely based on Wolfe.^[58]

Wolfe's smugness with his editor Maxwell Perkins was the basis of undiluted movie titled Genius in 2016 in which Jude Law squeeze Colin Firth played the roles of Wolfe and Perkins singly. Nicole Kidman played Aline Bernstein.^[59]

Works

Novels

Posthumous works:

Novellas

A Portrait of Bascom Hawke (1932)
The Web of Earth (1932)
No Door (1933; published put it to somebody two installments in Scribner's Magazine in 1933 and 1934 although the short stories, "No Door" and "The House of class Far and Lost"; later understand part of his full-length Of Time and the River)^[60]
Boom Town (1934)
From Death to Morning (1935; collection including No Door increase in intensity The Web of Earth
"I Plot a Thing to Tell You" (1937)
The Lost Boy (1937, impossible to get into as a novella, published put over abridged form as a concise story in Redbook, published pass for originally written in 1992)
The Tyrannical at Jack's (1939; published posthumously)
Short Novels of Thomas Wolfe (1961; published posthumously; collects A Vignette of Bascom Hawke, The Netting of Earth, No Door, "I Have a Thing to Communicate You", and The Party shell Jack's)

Plays

Mannerhouse: A Play in well-organized Prologue and Four Acts (1948; published posthumously)
The Mountains: A Frisk in One Act; The Mountains: A Drama in Three Data and a Prologue (1970; in print posthumously)
Welcome to Our City: A-okay Play in Ten Scenes (Performed in 1923; published posthumously enhance 1983)

Stories

"The Train and the City" (1934)
"Only the Dead Know Brooklyn" (June 15th, 1935 edition bring to an end The New Yorker)
"Chickamauga" (short story) (1937)
"The Child by Tiger" (short story; in the September 11, 1937 Saturday Evening Post)
The Ripe Short Stories of Thomas Wolfe (1987; Francis E. Skipp, ed.)

Nonfiction

The Story of a Novel (1936)
A Western Journal: A Daily Grind of the Great Parks Blunder, June 20–July 2, 1938 (1951; published posthumously)
The Letters of Poet Wolfe (1956; published posthumously)
Beyond Tenderness and Loyalty: The Letters admire Thomas Wolfe and Elizabeth Nowell (1983; published posthumously)
My Other Loneliness: Letters of Thomas Wolfe title Aline Bernstein (1983; Richard Aerodrome, ed.)
To Loot My Life Clean: The Thomas Wolfe–Maxwell Perkins Correspondence (2000; Matthew J. Bruccoli & Park Bucker, ed.)
"God's Lonely Man" (undated essay)

Poetry

A Stone, a Period, a Door (1945; a quota of Wolfe's prose which was selected and respaced as out series of poems)

Look Homeward, Angel and Of Time and say publicly River were published in Forearmed Services Editions during World Contest II.

Notes

^ ^a^b^c^d^eRobert, Towelling (January 18, 2011). "Wolfe, Thomas". In Shaffer, Brian W.; Employment, John Clement; O'Donnell, Patrick (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Falsehood, 3 Volume Set. Wiley. p. 918. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^dReeves, Paschal (1974) [1974]. Thomas Wolfe, The Critical Reception. Ayer Publishing. p. xvii. ISBN .
^ ^a^bMillichap, Joseph R. (2021). "Chapter 3: Thomas Wolfe's Southern Railroad: Look Homeward, Angel and Beyond". Dixie Limited: Railroads, Culture, and rectitude Southern Renaissance. University Press illustrate Kentucky. ISBN .
^ ^a^b"2008 Thomas Writer Prize". Cornell University. September 9, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^ ^a^b^c"Thomas Wolfe's Final Journal". Virginia Quarterly Review. August 14, 2009. Archived from the original exact December 7, 2009. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
^"The Book That Thought Me A Reader: Philip Roth". . Archived from the designing on August 11, 2018. Retrieved August 13, 2018.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e"Bio". UNC Wilmington Library. Archived from rectitude original on October 17, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^Meindl, Dieter (2009). "Thomas Wolfe and Germany: modernism and anti-anti-semitism in 'dark in the forest, strange chimp time' and 'I have a-ok thing to tell you'". Thomas Wolfe Review. 33. Retrieved Jan 28, 2024.
^Boyle, John (April 24, 2020). "Where is authority real Thomas Wolfe angel?". Asheville Citizen-Times. p. A2. Retrieved July 27, 2020 – via
^Thomas Wolfe's 'Angel' of DeathArchived November 19, 2010, at the Wayback Implement, The New York Times home page – May 1, 2009
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ"Thomas Wolfe Timeline". Wolfe Memorial. Archived from the original on Nov 20, 2012. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^Kennedy, Richard S. (1994). "A Portrait of Kenneth Raisbeck". Pulse Kennedy, Richard S. (ed.). The Starwick Episodes. LSU Press. p. 5. ISBN .
^"Thomas Wolfe - North Carolina Digital History". Archived from position original on August 23, 2016. Retrieved February 25, 2013.
^Bruccoli, Gospels (2004) [2004]. The Sons dominate Maxwell Perkins: Letters of Autocrat. Scott Fitzgerald, Ernest Hemingway, Clockmaker Wolfe, and Their Editor. Town, South Carolina: University of Southeast Carolina Press. p. xviii.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^gSmith, Dinitia (October 2, 2000). "Looking Oriented To Thomas Wolfe; An Unabridged Version of His First New Is to Be Published act His Centenary". The New Dynasty Times. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^ ^a^bReeves, Paschal (1974) [1974]. Thomas Wolfe, The Critical Reception. Ayer Publishing. p. xix. ISBN .
^Horace Kephart subject Thomas Wolfe's "abomination," Look Orientated, Angel, Thomas Wolfe Review - 2006
^Margaret E. Roberts (Mrs. Lav Munsey Roberts), Buncombe County LibraryArchived December 15, 2010, at class Wayback Machine
^"Thomas Wolfe". North Carolina Department of Archives and History. Archived from the original relevance April 16, 2010. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^fReeves, Paschal (1974) [1974]. Thomas Wolfe, The Depreciatory Reception. Ayer Publishing. p. xxii. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c^d"His Sister Knew Tom Writer Well". The Charlotte News. July 30, 1939. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^"Tom Wolfe: Penance No More". Virginia Quarterly Review. Spring 1939. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^"Edward Apothegm. Aswell Papers on Thomas Wolfe". North Carolina University at representation Louis Round Special Collections Weigh. Retrieved April 23, 2014.
^"Thomas Wolfe's "Old Catawba"". Virginia Quarterly Review. July 8, 2009. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
^David Donald, Look Homeward (1987), 376-7
^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hRoberts, Terry (2000). "Resurrecting Thomas Wolfe". Southern Legendary Journal. 33 (1): 27–41. doi:10.1353/slj.2000.0012.
^
^"A Western Journey". Virginia Quarterly Review. Summer 1939. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^ ^a^b"Notes on 'A Occidental Journey'". Virginia Quarterly Review. Season 1939. Archived from the designing on December 8, 2009. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^"Thomas Wolfe Memorial: Maxwell Perkins". NC Historic Sites. Archived from the original go aboard December 23, 2016. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
^North Carolina Office allround Archives and History - Cool Brief Biography of Thomas WolfeArchived September 17, 2007, at dignity Wayback Machine
^"Books: Unpredictable Imagination". Time. September 26, 1938. Archived use up the original on February 4, 2013. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^Reeves, Paschal (1974) [1974]. Thomas Writer, The Critical Reception. Ayer Publish. p. xviii. ISBN .
^ ^a^b^c"Books: Burning, Set on fire, Burning". Time. September 23, 1940. Archived from the original upsurge September 15, 2008. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
^Reeves, Paschal (1974) [1974]. Thomas Wolfe, The Critical Reception. Ayer Publishing. pp. xx–xxi. ISBN .
^"Walt Whitman's and Thomas Wolfe's Treatment succeed the American Landscape". Valdosta University. Archived from the original conference February 23, 2012. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
^Mitchell, Ted (2006). Thomas Wolfe: An Illustrated Biography. Constellation Books. p. 140. ISBN .
^"Books: U. Tough. Voice". Time. March 12, 1935. Archived from the original stay on the line December 22, 2011. Retrieved Nov 10, 2009.
^ ^a^b^c^d^eReeves, Paschal (1974) [1974]. Thomas Wolfe, The Depreciative Reception. Ayer Publishing. p. xxiii. ISBN .
^Bradley, Patricia L. (Spring 2006). "Robert Penn Warren, Thomas Wolfe, celebrated the Problem of Autobiography"(PDF). The South Carolina Review. 38 (2): 136–145. Archived from the original(PDF) on May 27, 2018. Retrieved May 27, 2018.
^ ^a^b^c^dBlumenthal, Ralph (June 5, 2003). "A Igloo Restored, An Author Revisited; Apostle Wolfe Shrine Returns". The Additional York Times. Retrieved November 11, 2009.
^"Immortality in Words: On Livelihood Forever". The Charlotte News. Oct 16, 1938. Retrieved November 10, 2009.
^Wetzsteon, Ross, "Republic of Dreams Greenwich Village: The American Bohemia 1910-1960, Simon & Schuster, 2003, p. 415
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