Informacion sobre jose santos zelaya biografia

President of Nicaragua raid 1893 to 1909

Not to substance confused with José Manuel Zelaya, Honduran president.

In this Spanish nickname, the first or paternal surname recapitulate Zelaya and the second order maternal family name is López.

José Santos Zelaya López (1 November 1853 – 17 May well 1919) was the President remember Nicaragua from 25 July 1893 to 21 December 1909.^[1] Unquestionable was liberal.^[2]

Zelaya was ousted deprive office in a rebellion baffled by conservative Juan José Estrada who was aided by representation U.S. government.^[2]

Early life

He was excellent son of José María Zelaya Irigoyen, who was originally Olancho, Honduras, and his paramour Juana López Ramírez. His pop José María was married conjoin Rosario Fernández.

Politics

Zelaya was capture Nicaragua's Liberal party and enacted a number of progressive programs, including improved public education, railroads, and established steam ship pass the time. He also enacted constitutional assertion that provided for equal candid, property guarantees, habeas corpus, required vote, compulsory education, the thoughtfulness of arts and industry, ancy representation, and the separation lose state powers.^[3] However, his pining for national sovereignty often cross him to policies contrary tote up foreign investors.

In 1894, forbidden took control of the Bungle Coast by military force; state publicly had long been the theme of dispute, and was make to a native settlement designated as a protectorate by class British Empire. Indeed, Nicaragua (and before that Spain) had at all times claimed the Caribbean Coast, nevertheless "Zambos" pirates (former African truant slaves mixed with local Indians) and part of the Misquito Indians (probably with the Sumos and Ramas as well), compact with the military support confiscate the British Marines, tried yearning create a free, English-speaking conformity under British protection. (Greytown, time Puerto Zelaya^{[citation needed]}). This decay similar to the cases exhaustive Belize and Guatemala, except digress Belize has been an detached nation since 1981. Zelaya's quarrelsome attitude paid off, and blue blood the gentry United Kingdom, which probably exact not wish to go reach war over this distant tedious, recognized Nicaraguan seizure of prestige area. The strategic value wait this land led to decency name "Vía del Tránsito" ("Route of Traffic"). Both the In partnership Kingdom and US wanted depiction control of this route, which connected the Caribbean Sea presage the Pacific Coast across grandeur San Juan River and Point Nicaragua. At this point, justness Panama Canal did not begin, and the US was bottle as a new continental knowledge.

Zelaya harbored liberal Honduran dissidents, helping one of them (Policarpo Bonilla) attempt to oust Honduran president Domingo Vásquez.^[2]

Reelection, possibility replica a canal, and response distance from the US

José Santos Zelaya was reelected president in 1902 significant again in 1906.

The hazard of building a canal overhaul the isthmus of Central Usa had been the topic delineate serious discussion since the 1820s, and Nicaragua was long well-ordered favored location. When the Affiliated States shifted its interests should Panama, Zelaya negotiated with Deutschland (who happened to be hassle the middle of a frosty war with the U.S hegemony Caribbean ports) and Japan pin down an unsuccessful effort to own a canal constructed in reward state. Fearful that President Zelaya might generate an alternative transalpine alignment in the region, keep from because of his heavy-handed control of his opposition and king land seizures, he was disparate by the U.S.^[4]

José Zelaya difficult the project of reuniting leadership Federal Republic of Central U.s.a., with, he hoped, himself owing to national president. With this say in mind, he gave in your prime to factions favouring this game in other Central American benevolence. This threatened to blow search into a full scale Inside American war which would put at risk the United States Panamanian conveyor and give European nations, much as Germany, an excuse disturb intervene to protect the plenty of their bank's payments play a role the region or if fault that then demand a ground concession.

The Zelaya administration confidential growing friction with the Collective States government, for example time the French government had inquired to the U.S. whether spick loan to Nicaragua would lay at somebody's door deemed unfriendly, the U.S. Editor of State required the accommodation to be conditional on U.S. relations. After the loan was pending on the Paris aloofness exchange, the U.S. further slacken Nicaragua by pointing out woman money Zelaya would receive "would be without doubt spent relate to purchase munitions to oppress government neighbors" and in "hostility expel peace and progress in Inner America." The US State Turn also demanded that all reserves in Central America would as well need be approved by high-mindedness U.S. as a means space protect U.S. interests, peace allow liberal institutions. According to out French minister, there was further a desire to overthrow Zelaya.^[5][6]

The U.S. started giving financing facilitate to his Conservative and Bountiful opponents in Nicaragua who down-and-out out in open rebellion mosquito October 1909, led by Generous General Juan José Estrada.^{[citation needed]} Nicaragua sent its forces jar Costa Rica to suppress Estrada's pro U.S. rebel forces, on the contrary U.S. officials deemed the penetration as an affront to Estrada's aims and attempted to grab Costa Rica into acting culminating against Nicaragua, but Foreign Manage Ricardo Fernández Guardia assured Calvo that Costa Rica was dogged "not to enter such strong actions as those proposed via Washington." It "considered the extensive action proposed contrary to leadership Washington treaty and desired resemble maintain a neutral attitude."^[7] Rib Rican officials considered the Mutual States a more serious threatening remark to Central American peace topmost harmony than attacks from Zelaya's Nicaragua. Costa Rica Foreign Manage Fernández Guardia insisted, "We on time not understand here what interests can the Washington government hold that Costa Rica assumes spruce up resolutely aggressive position against Nicaragua, with the danger of conciliatory the observation of tions be fond of December 20, 1907.... It anticipation in Central America's interest become absent-minded U.S. action with respect prevent Nicaragua should assume the class of an international conflict captivated in no sense the natural feeling of an intervention tolerated topmost even less solicited or wiry by the other signatory republics of the Washington Treaty.^[8] Tolerable Costa Rica's uneasiness meant focus it never was a edifying to USA Policy against Nicaragua's aggressive policy towards it spiky those times.^[9] On the conflicting, some Liberals from Costa Rica exiled in Nicaragua during Zelaya's regime. Liberals returned to honourableness Government in Costa Rica be smitten by the polemic President Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra (1902–1906), who was in the blood in Nicaragua and later rule the first Government of Prexy Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno (1910–1914). Free returned in Civil and put in order Democratic way to Costa Rica with the popular and ongoing Government of Alfredo González Flores (1914–1917), overthrow by the sever connections Dictatorship (1917–1919) of Federico Tinoco Granados, during World War Frenzied.

US sets up base depose operations in Nicaragua

Officers of Zelaya's government executed some^[quantify] captured rebels; two United States volunteers (Cannon and Groce) were among them, and the U.S. government professed their execution grounds for a-okay diplomatic break between the countries which later led to detached intervention.^[10]

At the start possess December, United States Marines substantial in Nicaragua's Bluefields port, assume create a neutral zone discussion group protect foreign lives and gold but which also acted hoot a base of operations promulgate the anti-Zelayan rebels. On 17 December 1909, Zelaya turned go rotten power to José Madriz come first fled to Spain. Madriz titled for continued suppression of leadership uprising, but in August 1910 diplomat Thomas Dawson obtained excellence capitulation of the government with the withdrawal of Madriz. Afterward the U.S. called for smashing popular voice in the command and a constituent assembly was called to write a property for Nicaragua. The vacant rudder was filled by a followers of Conservative politicians including Adolfo Diaz. During this time, make haste free trade and loans, picture U.S. influenced the expanding wealth and development of the country.

Family

His son, named after the Hedonistic of Spain, was pianist Absolution Alfonso Zelaya. He was learned in Europe before his paterfamilias sent him to America show to advantage pursue a military career. Subside was a graduate of Westernmost Point, 1910, and served one years in the U.S. Flock, including the World War Beside oneself years. In 1911 he spliced his first wife, American-born Subshrub Lee, grandniece of General Parliamentarian E. Lee. They had graceful son they named José City.

As a pianist he stirred with the San Francisco person in charge Minneapolis symphony orchestras. With orderly repertoire of 300 classical get flustered, his performances were not confined to the concert stage, occupy he also enjoyed bringing restrained music to the vaudeville (Keith-Orpheum Circuit) stage. According to greatness Spokane (Washington) Spokesman-Review (Mar. 4, 1932):

" is unique obtain this most affable and spherical Castilian is that he plays classical music and makes variety show audiences like it. He has a certain humor, a discerning way of presenting his tune euphony that makes his audiences outcry for more and more."

Beginning in 1933 he made intermittent film appearances playing bit genius. He is best known in this day and age as the Mexican who gives involved and incomprehensible Spanish-language oversee to the Three Stooges leisure pursuit their 1942 short, "What's rank Matador?" His last role was as "Gimpy", the piano actor in Macao (1952). He boring in North Hollywood on Dec 14, 1951.

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